所谓语法上一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。这个考点光从字面上来看貌似十分简单,但涉及到具体题目中却往往会成为扣分杀手。具体来说,有关一致性的具体考点主要有以下8种: *rLs!/[Z_
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英语语法:8大单复数一致性问题全面盘点 n>WS@b/o
1. 主谓语单复数一致性 XJ;/kR
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以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式;主语为复数时,谓语动词用复数形式。 (agdgy:#
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如: 3>+;G4
His father is working on the farm. 2olim1
To study English well is not easy. 9[`6f8S_$
What he said is very important for us all. :9}*p@
The children were in the classroom two hours ago. }wVrmDh \
Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes. !T*izMX}
注意:由what引导的主语从句,后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式,但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时,主句的谓语动词用复数形式。 '&d4x c
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如: %[J( ,rm
What I bought were three English books. |{
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What I say and do is (are) helpful to you. q`P:PRgM
2. 合成主语必须用复数形式 V~;YV]1Y
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由连接词and或both …… and连接起来的合成主语后面,要用复数形式的谓语动词。 VZ8L9h<{"
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如: t(Uoi~#[
Lucy and Lily are twins. #XsqTK_nk
She and I are classmates. 9L};vkYk#
The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news. Fr~xN!
Both she and he are Young Pioneers. e\<I:7%Rg
注意: ~J|0G6H
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(1)若and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时,它后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式。 {8' 5
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如: p.G7Cs
The writer and artist has come. x?3p3[y
(2)由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no, each, every more than a (an) , many a (an)修饰时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。 nB.p}k
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如: !duR7a
Every student and every teacher was in the room. SZ_hG D 0
No boy and no girl likes it. <\5{R@A*6
3. 名词或代词短语不影响单复数形式 _PIk,!<
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主语为单数名词或代词,尽管后面跟有with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, rather than, more than, no less than, besides, including等引起的短语,谓语动词仍用单数形式;若主语为复数,谓语用复数形式。 b}fH$.V@
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如: wQ5__"D
Mr. Green, together with his wife and children, has come to China. yC[}gHv
Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground. Oe$C5KA>LW
She,like you and Tom,is very tall. Nx99dr
4. 复合不定代词如何判断单复数? |s:!LU&OL\
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either, neither, each, every 或no +单数名词和由some, any, no, every构成的复合不定代词,都作单数看待。 du !.j
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如: sdb#K?l
Each of us has a new book. 7$ 'ja
Everything around us is matter. /vu7;xVG
注意: _xJ&p$&
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(1)在口语中当either或neither后跟有“of+复数名词(或代词)”作主语时,其谓语动词也可用复数。 -a3C3!!
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如: YW*ti|u|w
Neither of the texts is (are) interesting. C
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(2)若none of后面的名词是不可数名词,它的谓语动词就要用单数;若它后面的名词是复数,它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。 vQ;Z 0_
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如: -8]$a6`{_
None of us has (have) been to America. .FeEK(
5. 关系代词做主语时的单复数问题 u%FA.
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在定语从句时,关系代词that, who, which等作主语时,其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。 kW"N~Xw)
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如: s
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He is one of my friends who are working hard. gY%-0@g
He is the only one of my friends who is working hard. )lZb=t
6. 集体名词单复数使用差异 %EuSP0
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如果集体名词指的是整个集体,它的谓语动词用单数;如果它指集体的成员,其谓语动词就用复数形式。这些词有family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience等。 uB\A8zC
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如: 2n\EZ
Class Four is on the third floor. |K]tJi4fz
Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor. dQ<EDtap
注意:people, police, cattle等名词一般都用作复数。 l{<@[foc
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The police are looking for the lost child. r_QWt1K
7. 数量词构成短语的单复数用法 ~sOAm
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由“a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of, the majority of + 名词”构成的短语以及由“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语作主语,其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。 *p"%cas
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如: 2?&h{PA+
There are a lot of people in the classroom. ;aSEv"iWX
The rest of the lecture is wonderful. K#>B'>A\
50% of the students in our class are girls. gD-<^Q-
注意:a number of“许多”,作定语修饰复数名词,谓语用复数;the number of“……的数量”,主语是number,谓语用单数。 xu3qX"
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8. 倒装句中的动词单复数问题 #<{sP0v*
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在倒装句中,谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。 sPut@4[S
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如: ~MOIrF
There comes the bus. 9BP-Iet
On the wall are many pictures. -{HA+ YL H
Such is the result. 4oJ0,u
Such are the facts.