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完全否定 '@zMZc!
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英语中的完全否定可以用not, no, never, none, nobody, nothing, neither...nor, nowhere等表示。如: >;#rK@*&
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1.Nothing is difficult for him. 没什么难得到他。 O_ vH w^
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2.Mary never has beef. 玛丽从来不吃牛肉。 /`t}5U>S_
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3.Neither answer is correct. 两种答案都不对。 =iB$4d2
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部分否定 EztuVe
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英语中表示“全体”意义的代词,形容词或副词。如:all, both, altogether, always, completely, every day, everyone, everything, everywhere, every, everybody, many, often等与not搭配时,通常表示部分否定,意思是“并非都是”、“不完全是”、“不是每个都是”等。例如: *^XMf
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1.Not everyone was amused by these April Fool's jokes. i>C%[dk9
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并不是每个人都觉得这些玩笑有趣。 99%R/m
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2.Food likes and dislikes do not always seem related to nutrition. =$ T[
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对食物的好恶似乎并不总与营养有关。 ~@e=+Z
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比较: I,"q:QS+
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Nothing makes him happy. 9!0-~,o
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(全部否定)没有哪一件事情让他开心。 ^W`RBrJay
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Not everything makes him happy. 3JD"* <zs
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(部分否定)并不是每一件事都让他开心。 5g;mc.Cvt
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None of the students went to visit the science museum last week. muDOY~.
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(完全否定)上周没有一个学生去参观科技博物馆。 [h>A<O
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Not all of the students went to visit the science museum last week. k^#*x2b
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(部分否定)上周并不是所有的学生都去参观了科技博物馆。 >wR)p\UEb
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几乎否定(半否定) E_P,>f
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一些半否定词表否定之意。他们不可再与否定词连用,他们与谓语肯定式连用,构成几乎否定句。如:hardly、scarcely、seldom、little、few等词。例如: *g9VI;X
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1.I could hardly hear what he said. ')iyD5/4
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我几乎没听见他说了什么。 I]cZcx,<q
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2.There is little water in the bottle, isn't there? l*Fp}d.
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瓶子里几乎没有水,不是吗? fP- =wd
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双重否定 zQ+
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双重否定句由not + 具有否定意义的词构成,形成“否定+否定=肯定”的语言效果。双重否定可以表示强调,也可以表示委婉的含义。例如: 6KE64: \;
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1.Her name can't escape me forever. )%
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我永远忘不了她的名字。 1_8@yO
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2.The songs never fail to make the children smile. ^* CKx
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这些歌曲一向都能使孩子微笑。
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转移否定 K.}jyhKIKi
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转移否定,即句中的否定虽然出现在谓语部分,否定范围却不在主句谓语动词本身,而转移到了句子中的宾语、状语或其他成分上。这种形式在初中比较常见的有以下两种情况: TxKNDu
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1.转移否定多用于表思维活动 }h|HT
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如:believe(相信)、expect(期望)、hope(希望)、imagine(想象)、think(认为)等。 9niffq)h
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例如:I don't think he will pass the exam. J/rF4=j%xy
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我认为他考试会不及格的。 B- |C%~fe
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2.主句的谓语动词是表感觉的系动词,通常也用于转移否定句 DZ:$p.
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这类动词有:seem(好像)、feel(感觉)、appear(出现)、look like(看起来像)等。例如: 3GMrdG?Y
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It doesn't look like it's going to rain.=It looks like it isn't going to rain. 好象不会下雨。 '*`1uomeo
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No matter how hard he studies, he never seems to be able to pass the exam. 不管他多么努力的学习,他似乎永远也考不及格。 oHF,k
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运用某些结构表达否定意义 [vnxp/v/<
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1.too...to 太……而不能 yb\!4ml
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He is too tired to walk. 他太累了,走不动了。 s-F3(mc(
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2.more A than B(与其B不如A)或more than +含有can的从句 M(ie1Ju
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The young man is more brave than wise. I]
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这年轻人有勇无谋。 M{=p0?X
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The gratitude for your help is more than I can express. <AHdz/N
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对于你给我的感激之情我无法言表。 mAe)Hy %
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3.prefer to do sth rather than do sth 宁愿(喜欢)……而不愿……,例如: q 1A0-W#4
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He prefers to write his letters rather than dictate them. hy3?.
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他喜欢自己写信而不愿口授自己的信。 yJ(ITJE_Z
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运用含否定意义的词或词组表否定意义 ir_X65l/2
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1.动词短语表否定意义,如: <[17&F0
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differ from 与……不同 D6'-c#
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prefer...to... 喜欢……而不喜欢…… 2W/*1K}
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keep/prevent/stop/protect ... from 阻止,使……不 l 1BAW$
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keep off 不接近, 不让……接近 ;F/s!bupCM
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lose sight of 看不见 jtwe9
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例如: I=k`VI d:
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The Great Green Wall stops the sand from moving to the rich land in the south. '=UsN_@
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绿色长城阻止了风沙吹向南方肥沃的田地。
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He lost sight of his wife and went away alone. xz}=C:s
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他没看见他的妻子,独自走了。 LOk J
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Sally prefers singing to dancing. wy""02j
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莎丽喜欢唱歌而不喜欢跳舞。 p0pA|
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2.动词表否定意义 CSr2\ogT
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如,absent(缺席)、fail(不及格)、refuse(拒绝)、miss(未赶上,错过)、escape(被……忘掉)等。例如: 9hhYyqGsO
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Why did you absent yourself from school yesterday? I$f'BAw
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昨天你为什么不来上学? (>-(~7PR
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He missed the 9:30 train and therefore missed the accident. J^mm"2
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他没赶上9:30的那班火车,也因此而逃过那次车祸. WAVEwA`r
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3.介词表否定意义 %vU*4mH
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without(无,没有)、against(反对)、beyond(超出,无法)、except/but(除……外)、past(超过)、off(离开)、above(超出……之外)等。 _2xYDi
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例如: B,A\/%<
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I can't finish the work without your help. ^!K 8nW{*
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没有你的帮助,我完不成这工作。 J*qo3aJjE
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His conduct has always been above suspicion. A$]#f
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他的行为一直无可置疑。 21~~ =+)X
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His stupidity is past all belief. U5j0i]
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他的愚蠢简直不可思义。 XK
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运用连词before unless等引导的状语表否定意义 :;o?d&C
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例如: w)Y}hlcq
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WangWei went to bed before he finished his homework. m8&XW2S
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王伟没完成作业就睡觉了。 Jv D`RUh
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Unless you put on your overcoat, you'll catch a cold. .Mzrj{^Y
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如果你不穿大衣,你就会感冒