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2018-12-13 14:31 |
英语语法:8大单复数一致性问题全面盘点
所谓语法上一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。这个考点光从字面上来看貌似十分简单,但涉及到具体题目中却往往会成为扣分杀手。具体来说,有关一致性的具体考点主要有以下8种: Lh9>8@ jf
o4I!VK(C#s 英语语法:8大单复数一致性问题全面盘点 iHG:W wM & 1. 主谓语单复数一致性 ^2?O+ =,F w\8rh\Mvh 以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式;主语为复数时,谓语动词用复数形式。 Y[8co<p efAahH 如: Xt
H_+W+O His father is working on the farm. +/_B/[e<> To study English well is not easy. z&HN>7 What he said is very important for us all. Zn*CJNB The children were in the classroom two hours ago. ,aj+mlZd2 Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes. J'Mgj$T $ 注意:由what引导的主语从句,后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式,但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时,主句的谓语动词用复数形式。 5)zh@aJ@ .]P;fCQmM 如: &fNE9peQFa What I bought were three English books. lt(-,md What I say and do is (are) helpful to you. kk\zZC
< 2. 合成主语必须用复数形式 9Nbg@5( TAXkfj 由连接词and或both …… and连接起来的合成主语后面,要用复数形式的谓语动词。 |9i/)LRXe Z_4H2HseL 如: uRq#pYn@ Lucy and Lily are twins. 0 c'2rx She and I are classmates.
s?\9i6 The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news. fOjt` ~ToI Both she and he are Young Pioneers. d\<aJOi+- 注意: #/sE{jm 17[t_T&Ak9 (1)若and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时,它后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式。 M0IqQM57N X|n[
9h:% 如: VFaK>gQ The writer and artist has come. >zx50e) (2)由and连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no, each, every more than a (an) , many a (an)修饰时,其谓语动词要用单数形式。 RO3e )+{omQ7v 如: ujp,D#xHP Every student and every teacher was in the room. eq 1 4 No boy and no girl likes it. t:j07 ,1~ 3. 名词或代词短语不影响单复数形式 6%hEs6-R kE(-vE9 主语为单数名词或代词,尽管后面跟有with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, rather than, more than, no less than, besides, including等引起的短语,谓语动词仍用单数形式;若主语为复数,谓语用复数形式。 f+88R=-u6S K}*p(1$u 如: k-PRV8WO Mr. Green, together with his wife and children, has come to China. PNxO\Rc Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground. %<*pM@ She,like you and Tom,is very tall. A5H
8+gATK 4. 复合不定代词如何判断单复数? k49n9EX xA1pDrfC/ either, neither, each, every 或no +单数名词和由some, any, no, every构成的复合不定代词,都作单数看待。 q}24U3ow -bb7Y 如: ^A$XXH' Each of us has a new book. AeQ&V d| Everything around us is matter. zSvHv s 注意: >U
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ch g:6}zHK (1)在口语中当either或neither后跟有“of+复数名词(或代词)”作主语时,其谓语动词也可用复数。 ]X;*\- *z:lq2"G 如: MKYE]D; Neither of the texts is (are) interesting. 8\t7}8f (2)若none of后面的名词是不可数名词,它的谓语动词就要用单数;若它后面的名词是复数,它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。 M
#RuI% ~9jP++& 如: R#^pNJN None of us has (have) been to America. $A0]v!P~i- 5. 关系代词做主语时的单复数问题 yT9RNo/w GN"LU>9| 在定语从句时,关系代词that, who, which等作主语时,其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。 GQAg
ex)D ^|12~d_.T 如: Y%cA2V\#m He is one of my friends who are working hard. 7Z :l;%]K He is the only one of my friends who is working hard. P*=3$-` 6. 集体名词单复数使用差异 Jt^JE{m9% .xQ'^P_q 如果集体名词指的是整个集体,它的谓语动词用单数;如果它指集体的成员,其谓语动词就用复数形式。这些词有family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience等。 hQLx"R$ E0%Y%PQ**{ 如:
jl%eO. Class Four is on the third floor. 1UWgOCc Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor. EC\:uK
注意:people, police, cattle等名词一般都用作复数。 gK_[3FiKt b6M)qt9R 如: mztq7[&- The police are looking for the lost child. 3\~fe/z'I 7. 数量词构成短语的单复数用法 3T^dgWXEG >N"PLSY1 由“a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of, the majority of + 名词”构成的短语以及由“分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语作主语,其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。 MBrVh6z> pY5HW2TsY| 如: @uD{ `@[ There are a lot of people in the classroom. $>37PVVW The rest of the lecture is wonderful. !/9Sb1_ ~ 50% of the students in our class are girls. ! { aA*E{ 注意:a number of“许多”,作定语修饰复数名词,谓语用复数;the number of“……的数量”,主语是number,谓语用单数。 3$f5][+U /'^>-!8_1 8. 倒装句中的动词单复数问题 T:5%sN;#O siZ_JJW 在倒装句中,谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。 L. ?dI82c gx
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如: W
9MZ There comes the bus. m&c(N On the wall are many pictures. Olh-(u:9+O Such is the result. mK&9p{4#U Such are the facts. |
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