句子成分知识分享

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句子成分定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句 子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分。
主要成分：主语和谓语。
次要成分：表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语。

㈠ 主语（subject）
句子说明的人或事物
• Jane is good at playing the piano.  （名词）
• She went out in a hurry.  （代词）
• Four plus four is eight.    （数词）
• To see is to believe.   （不定式）
• Smoking is bad for health.（动名词）
• The young should respect the old.  （名词化的形容词）
What he has said is true.  （句子）

即刻练习 （找出下列句子的主语）
The sun rises in the east.         
Twenty years is a short time in history.      
The poor are now living in the shelter.
Seeing is believing.     
To see is to believe.         
He likes dancing.   
What he needs is a book.
It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.

（二）谓语
㈠ 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成
I saw the flag on the top of the hill?
He looked after two orphans.
复合谓语 由情态动词或助动词+动词;
He can speak English well.
She doesn’t seem to like dancing  

英语中按动词后可否直接跟宾语，分成不及物动词与和及物动词。
   及物动词(vt.) ：及物动词后必须跟有动作的对象（即宾语），并且可直接跟宾语。
   如：He reached Paris .
   不及物动词（vi. ）：不及物动词后不能
直接跟有动作的对象（即宾语）。若要跟宾语，必须先在其后加上某个介词。
   如:  Look! She is singing.　　　　
          Look at me carefully!

   类似的还有：agree, go, work, listen, look, come, die, belong, fall, exist, rise, arrive, sit, sail, hurry, fail, succeed...

易误用作及物动词的9个不及物动词：
误：deal a problem
正：deal with a problem 处理问题　　
误：depend sb.
正：depend on sb.依靠（依赖）某人　　
误：insist doing sth.
正：insist on doing sth. 坚持要做某事
误：knock the door
正：knock on [at] the door 敲门
误：operate sb.
正：operate on sb. 为某人做手术
误：participate sth.
正：participate in sth. 参加某事
误：refer sth.
正：refer to sth. 查阅（参考)某物
误：rely sb. / sth.
正：rely on sb. / sth.依靠（依赖）某人，某物
误：reply a letter
正：reply to a letter 回信

(三)宾语

常见跟双宾语动词
•  可接双宾语的38个常用动词
•  (1) 双宾语易位时需借助介词to的常用动词
•  award sb. sth. = award sth. to sb. 颁奖给某人
•  bring sb. sth. = bring sth. to sb. 把某物带给某人
•  hand sb. sth. =hand sth. to sb. 把某物递给某人
•  lend sb. sth. = lend sth. to sb. 把某物借给某人
•  mail sb. sth. = mail sth. to sb. 把某物寄给某人
•  offer sb. sth. = offer sth. to sb. 将某物给某人
•  owe sb. sth. = owe sth. to sb. 欠某人某物
•  pass sb. sth. = pass sth. to sb. 把某物递给某人
•  pay sb. sth. = pay sth. to sb. 付给某人某物（钱）
•  post sb. sth. = post sth. to sb. 把某物寄给某人
•  return sb. sth. = return sth. to sb. 把某物还给某人
•  send sb. sth. = send sth. to sb. 把某物送给某人
•  sell sb. sth. = sell sth. to sb. 把某物卖给某人
•  serve sb. sth. = serve sth. to sb. 拿某物招待某人
•  show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb. 拿某物给某人看
•  take sb. sth. = take sth. to sb. 把某物拿给某人
•  (2) 双宾语易位时需借助介词for的常用动词
•  book sb. sth. = book sth. for sb. 为某人预定某物
•  buy sb. sth. = buy sth. for sb. 为某人买某物
•  choose sb. sth. = choose sth. for sb. 为某人选某物
•  cook sb. sth. = cook sth. for sb. 为某人煮某物
•  find sb. sth. = find sth. for sb. 为某人找到某物
•  fix sb. sth. = fix sth. for sb. 为某人准备某物
•  get sb. sth. = get sth. for sb. 为某人拿来某物
•  make sb. sth. = make sth. for sb. 为某人做某物
•  order sb. sth. = order sth. for sb. 为某人订购某物
pick sb. sth. = pick sth. for sb. 为某人采摘

（四）表语
系动词后的部分就是表语
The war was over.
They seem to know the truth.
Time is precious.
I’m not quite myself  today.
That remains a puzzle.
I don’t feel at ease.
系动词
1）状态系动词（be动词）
   例如：He is a teacher.
2）持续系动词
   keep,  remain, stay
   例如：He always kept silent at
               the meeting.
              他开会时总保持沉默。
3）表像系动词
     seem, appear, look,
   例如：He looks tired.
              他看起来很累。
4）感官系动词
    feel, smell, sound, taste
   例如：This kind of cloth feels very soft.
             这种布手感很软。
5）变化系动词
    become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run.
     例如：He became mad after that.
                自那之后，他疯了。
6）终止系动词
   prove, turn out, 表达“证实”，“变成”之意
例如：The rumor proved false.
            这谣言证实有假。
注意：系动词不用于被动语态.

（五）定语

（六）状语

（七）宾语补足语

（八）同位语

句子成分练习
1、You should study at school.
2、The teacher got very angry.
3、The boy told me his story.
4、We find the  task difficult .
5、I told him an interesting story.
6、We watched the train leaving the         station.