研究发现：考试作弊能力取决于信仰何种上帝

屈联西

2011年04月26日  环球时报

　　Belief in vengeful God may affect cheating
　　College students who believe in a God seen as mean or punishing are less apt than others to cheat on a test, US and Canadian researchers found。
　　Psychology researchers Azim F. Shariff at the University of Oregon and Ara Norenzayan at the University of British Columbia said college students who believe in a caring, forgiving God, are more likely to cheat. The researchers said the study is part of a larger effort to understand the role of religion in encouraging - or forcing adherence to - moral behavior。
　　In one experiment, 61 undergraduate students took a simple "but tedious" math test in which they were given the opportunity to cheat. They were also asked about religiosity and views of God and demographics。
　　The research found no differences in cheating between self-described believers in God and non-believers, but those who perceived God as punitive, angry and vengeful cheated fewer times。
　　In a second experiment, 39 undergraduate participants were surveyed on their views of God several days before the math test. Again, students who believed in a loving God were the most likely to cheat。
　　The findings are published in the International Journal for the Psychology of Religion。
　　美国和加拿大的研究人员发现，视上帝为作心胸狭窄、报复性强者的大学生在考试作弊时更笨拙。
　　俄勒冈大学的心理学研究人员沙立夫和不列颠哥伦比亚大学的Norenzayan称心中装有一个仁爱、宽容上帝的学生更有可能考试作弊。研究人员称该研究旨在帮助人们进一步了解宗教对道德行为的激励或者规诫作用。
　　试验中，61个本科学生需完成一个简单但是枯燥的数学测验，这当中他们可以作弊。同时他们还需回答宗教信仰情况、对上帝的看法以及人口特征。
　　研究发现，两个群体(自认为信上帝者、不信上帝者)的作弊情况没有任何区别。但是那些将上帝视作爱惩罚、易怒且报复性强的学生作弊次数更少。
　　在第二个实验中，39名本科学生在数学测试的前几天就回答了自己对于上帝的看法。再一次地，心中装有仁爱上帝的学生更容易作弊。
　　研究结果刊载于《国际宗教心理学期刊》。