研究发现：三个臭皮匠顶不上诸葛亮

屈联西

  2011年04月29日  环球时报

　　Two heads aren't always better than one, at least when it comes to memory。
　　People who memorize facts in groups remember less than solo students do, according to a newly research. The group as a whole remembers more than any single memorizer would have, but the people in the group fail to live up to their full memory potential, each recalling less than if they'd studied alone。
　　On the other hand, according to study researcher Supama Rajaram, a psychologist at Stony Brook University in New York, other people's memories can enrich our own, as can be attested by anyone who suddenly recalls a long-ago event when another person starts telling a story。
　　One way people in groups tend to disrupt each other's memories is by encroaching on other's study habits. Everyone has preferred methods of picking information out of their minds, so working with others can be distracting. And then there's a phenomenon called "social contagion," in which one group member brings up an error or "remembers" something that didn't happen. Those erroneous memories can lodge in other group members' brains as real。
　　The overview appears in the April edition of the journal Current Directions in Psychological Science。
　　三个臭皮匠并不一定就顶得上诸葛亮，至少就记忆力而言是这样。
　　最新研究表明，大家一起背东西的效果不如单独记忆的效果好。按理来说，小组整体记忆要比单独记忆的内容多，但是小组成员并不能发挥各自的最大记忆潜力，结果要比各自单独记忆时的效果差。
　　而另一方面，据研究人员、纽约州立石溪大学心理学家Supama Rajaram称，我们可借助他人的记忆丰富头脑，正如经验证明一个人突然想起很久以前发生的事情时，另一个人便开始顺下去讲自己的故事。
　　组内成员干扰彼此记忆能力的其中一种方式便是打破别人的学习习惯。每个人都有特定的挑选信息的习惯，所以和他人一起学习可能会受到干扰。而且还有一种现象叫做“社会传染”，即小组中其中一个成员出了错或者“记起来”根本没发生过的是事情。那些错误记忆便会成为小组其他成员脑中的真实记忆。
　　研究刊登于4月号的《当代心理科学指南》。

屈联西

Two heads aren't always better than one, at least when it comes to memory。三个臭皮匠并不一定就顶得上诸葛亮，至少就记忆力而言是这样。　
　　People who memorize facts in groups remember less than solo students do, according to a newly research. The group as a whole remembers more than any single memorizer would have, but the people in the group fail to live up to their full memory potential, each recalling less than if they'd studied alone。　最新研究表明，大家一起背东西的效果不如单独记忆的效果好。按理来说，小组整体记忆要比单独记忆的内容多，但是小组成员并不能发挥各自的最大记忆潜力，结果要比各自单独记忆时的效果差。　
　　On the other hand, according to study researcher Supama Rajaram, a psychologist at Stony Brook University in New York, other people's memories can enrich our own, as can be attested by anyone who suddenly recalls a long-ago event when another person starts telling a story。　而另一方面，据研究人员、纽约州立石溪大学心理学家Supama Rajaram称，我们可借助他人的记忆丰富头脑，正如经验证明一个人突然想起很久以前发生的事情时，另一个人便开始顺下去讲自己的故事。

屈联西

　　One way people in groups tend to disrupt each other's memories is by encroaching on other's study habits. Everyone has preferred methods of picking information out of their minds, so working with others can be distracting. And then there's a phenomenon called "social contagion," in which one group member brings up an error or "remembers" something that didn't happen. Those erroneous memories can lodge in other group members' brains as real。　组内成员干扰彼此记忆能力的其中一种方式便是打破别人的学习习惯。每个人都有特定的挑选信息的习惯，所以和他人一起学习可能会受到干扰。而且还有一种现象叫做“社会传染”，即小组中其中一个成员出了错或者“记起来”根本没发生过的是事情。那些错误记忆便会成为小组其他成员脑中的真实记忆。
　　　The overview appears in the April edition of the journal Current Directions in Psychological Science。　研究刊登于4月号的《当代心理科学指南》。

屈联西

　　The new document confirms what a shorter version released in 2008 has said, that Obama was born in Honolulu, Hawaii, on August 4, 1961, the son of father from Kenya and a mother from Kansas。新的出生证明确认了2008年公布的一份简短证明中所写的内容：奥巴马于1961年8月4日在夏威夷檀香山出生，父亲是肯尼亚人，母亲是美国堪萨斯人。　
　　Trump, speaking in New Hampshire, told reporters that he was "really happy" that Obama addressed the issue and is ready to debate other issues。　特朗普在新罕布什尔州告诉记者，他“很高兴”奥巴马回应了出生地问题，而且准备好与奥巴马就其它问题展开辩论。　
　　"I feel I've accomplished something really, really important and I'm honored by it," Trump said in remarks shown live on CNN。　特朗普在接受美国有线新闻网直播采访时说：“我感觉完成了一件重要的事情，我对此很骄傲。”