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托福高级写作:从BBC报道北京雾霾谈起

发表于 2015-12-26 16:23:09 | 查看全部 |阅读模式

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来源:沪江英语


  北京雾霾再次来袭,今天我是带着口罩来上班的。与其抱怨雾霾的可恶,还不如看看今天的BBC新闻,学习一些可以用在托福写作中的高级表达。


  以下英文内容摘自12月19日(今早)的BBC新闻


  [1]The Chinese capital will see hazardous smog from Saturday until Tuesday,the official meteorological [气象的] service said。


  解析:hazardous smog是“危险的雾霾”,hazardous可看作dangerous的升级版。


  [2]Beijing authorities [北京当局] have advised residents to avoid outdooractivity and for schools to stop classes。


  解析:have advised residents to是“建议市民”。在托福独立写作中,很多考生都喜欢写suggest somebody to dosomething,这是不对的。应该是advise somebody to do something。


  [3]The red alert - the highest of a four-level alert system instituted [制定]two years ago - also triggers restrictions on vehicle use, factories andconstruction work。


  解析:triggers restrictions on vehicle use, factories and constructionwork是“使政府出台了车辆限行制度,出台了限制工厂生产以及限制建筑工程进度的制度”。首先,trigger可看作 cause的升级版。其次,这个英译汉一定要注意,不能生硬地翻译为“引发了在车辆使用,工厂和建筑工作上的限制”。相反,适当地增减与重复(中文不怕重 复)一些词汇可使中文翻译变得得体而不生硬。


  [4]The government has promised to take action to address often dangerouslevels of pollution。


  解析:take action to address是“采取措施以应对”,可看作do something to deal with的升级版。


  [5]The government is coming under increasing pressure to deal with theproblem。


  解析:coming under increasingpressure是托福独立写作开头段的常用语言点,因为很多考生喜欢写“人们的压力越来越大”,那就是People are coming underincreasing pressure。


  [6]Long-term exposure to high levels of dangerous particulate [粒子] matterin smog - PM2.5 - has been linked to lung damage and respiratory illnesses。


  解析:这句话的意思是“人 如果长时间暴露在雾霾里,其中高浓度的危险颗粒物质(也即PM2.5)就可能导致肺部受损或使人患上呼吸道疾病,这是有一定科学依据的。”这句话的 hasbeen linked to很难翻译,请大家仔细体会。这句话有高级英语的鲜明特征——名词结构,但翻回汉语的时候,就要加上人等主语,否则显得生硬。


  [7]Beijing resident Cheng Xianke expressed concern for the health of theelderly and children。 He told Reuters: “For us who commute to work [乘车上下班] it’snot so bad but still I’m very concerned about the pollution。 I think thegovernment needs to put more effort into solving this。”


  解析:expressed concerned for可看作were worried about的升级版;the elderly是oldpeople的委婉说法;put more effort into solving this可看作do something more to solvethis的升级版。


  [8]Coal- powered industries and heating systems - in heavy use during thecold Beijing winter - are major contributors to the smog。


  解析:are major contributors to the smog可看作have mainly caused the smog。


  [9]China still depends on coal for more than 60% of its power, despite biginvestments in renewable energy sources。


  解析:despite big investments in renewable energy sources可看作although it(China) has invested a lot in renewable energysources的升级版,因为高级英语倾向于使用介词短语与分词,这样显得更简单,而且不用考虑时态。如果大家想写出高质量的托福独立作文, 不妨注意一下这一点。
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