返回列表 发布新帖
查看: 1582|回复: 2

你有冷落心病吗?

发表于 2009-11-14 15:29:52 | 查看全部 |阅读模式

马上注册!

您需要 登录 才可以下载或查看,没有账号?注册

×

——我们不断地被拒绝和拒绝别人,又不断地被别人接爱和接爱别人,这是不可避免的。在现实社会中,特别是在事业与职场上,人们害怕遭到拒绝的冷落心理是很正常的,但问题是因此会导致与他人之间的交往产生牵肠挂肚的种种冷落障碍之谜。“自信心修复疗法”会帮助人们揭示冷落感之谜,并渐渐消除冷落接爱自我,将积极的情绪表现出来。


在一个以貌取人的社会,我们每天会遭遇到各种各样的拒绝:“我不想和你一起看电影”,“抱歉,人员已经满了”,“你不必参加会议了”等等。我们不断地被拒绝和拒绝别人,又不断地接受别人和被排除别人接受。这是不可避免的。我们无法令周围所有的人对自己有好感。但有时,我们遭遇到这些拒绝时往往会过于主观,会感到颜面扫地。

临床心理学家,精神分析医生威廉·索菲亚指出:“当一个人从对方身上感觉到,因为某种原因,自己没有被对方视为值得珍惜或尊重时,心中就会滋生出被冷落的感受。有很多情况下,牵肠挂肚的冷落感受是难以有合理解释的,是人们根据自己之前的经验对接受的信息进行感受和分析后得出的负面评价。”人们有时会害怕遭到拒绝的心理是很正常的,但问题是因此会导致与他人之间的交往产生障碍,并且往往会对一个人的行为举止造成很深远的影响。

自信心随之减少

儿童因为害怕遭到拒绝而产生被冷落的暴力倾向,并会比同龄人更容易在学校里与同学发生争执。青少年则会由于遭到拒绝后的冷落而自我封闭,不敢交朋友。

成年人则会在与他人,例如与同事交往时产生冷落感障碍。这种障碍在恋爱时尤为明显:一想到自己的伴侣可能会随时抛弃自己时就惴惴不安,因而不断需要爱的证明。如果没有这种证明,或者对方的表现不符合自己的预期,心中的警报就会拉响。比如“我的丈夫喜欢看足球赛胜过关心我”,“我的妻子没有留下来陪我而是和好朋友去看电影了!”“今天是我的生日,他却边饭都没有请我吃”等等。对方的一丁点冷淡都可能使其自尊心受到打击。

人的自信心会因为来自社会的各种肯定和接受而提高,比如“我们去喝杯咖啡,你去吗?”也会因为一句简单的“我要推迟与你的这次约会”而备受冷落的打击。因此,当我们心情抑郁时,往往将这种感觉投影到自己身上,自信心便会随之减少很多。自信心是我们情绪警报系统的一部分,当我们感受到来自社会的被冷落信号时,这部分系统就会活跃起来。自信心是我们面对这个世界亮出的名片,能显示出我们是怎样的人,也是我们与他人关系的晴雨表。同时,自信心又像一个扫描仪,处处追踪来自周围的排斥或被冷落的蛛丝马迹。

对身体健康无益

研究证明,遭到拒绝后的冷落感对身体健康无益。失恋和友情破裂带来的被冷落的痛苦不亚于将手伸进热油里的感觉。美国加利福尼亚大学洛杉矶分校的一个神经学专家小组日前研究发现,人在遭到拒绝后大脑中活跃起被冷落的感受区域与身体疼痛时相同。因此,被爱人拒绝是人们最为紧张的情感体验之一。

不过人体有抵御这种疼痛的方法,就像我们面对飞驰而来的汽车等危险时神经系统会保护我们,自动提醒我们后退一样,在遭遇拒绝后,大脑会自动建立一座堵墙。因此,这类人总是容易用消极的态度解释自己所处的情况,并在不断寻找有利证据证明自己的猜测中迷失了自我。威廉·索菲亚指出:“这类人会用某种方式下意识地感受拒绝,抓住周围人不喜欢他们的蛛丝马迹,并以此证实自己对自己的看法,认为自己事实上不配获得这份友情、这个恋人或者这份工作。”

但是,深受冷落感危害仍有许多人。索菲亚还指出:当接受到最小的拒绝信号时,心理警报就会拉响,促使我们行动起来,避免与上司发生不快或争吵。不过,尽管这一防御系统的存在是为了改善我们与他人的关系,但对于那些高度敏感的人来说,这一系统会发生短路,使人们长期怀有失败的冷落感并处在一种惊慌的状态中,不断经受情感风暴的折磨。

取决于教育方式

美国调节恋人矛盾的电视节目评论员、精神病专家劳伦斯·克拉克指出:“对于遭受拒绝后产生的冷落感的程度,与人出生后几年中性格的塑造息息相关;首先取决于父母从小对待孩子的方式,以及传递信息的类型和孩子在父母影响下对自己的看法。这完全来自主观判断,没有任何原因,是孩子内心的一种感受。对于拒绝后产生冷落的高度敏感,其惟一根源是父母与孩子的关系,也就是人出生后与身边最先接触到的亲人之间形成的相处之道。换言之,每个人在孩童时期所处的位置以及感受到的被父母接受和肯定的讯息,即父母是否使其感觉自己是一个好孩子、好学生,是否满足他们的期望等。严厉、高要求或者不太善解人意的父母,教育出来的孩子通常更容易对拒绝产生厌恶的冷落感。”

根据克拉克的看法,“孩子的感觉完全来自主观判断,可能仅仅因为父母没有陪他们做游戏就感受到了冷落。做游戏是一种爱的体现,因为父母在这过程中能建立起孩子的自信。相反,如果父母不能参与进来,孩子的自信心就会日益减少,从而认为这是来自父母的拒绝”。特别是经常受到父母冷落的孩子长大后,更容易下意识地去感受伴侣、同学或同事的种种厌恶的冷落。

对拒绝非常厌恶的人总是在冷落中牵肠挂肚地疑虑重重,这些疑虑是童年时父母带给他们的感受中积累起来的。由于害怕被冷落,他们通常想方设法地避免这种情况的发生。克拉克认为:“他们会对身边的人非常殷勤、顺从和依赖,并认为这样别人就不会冷落他们。”具有缺乏安全感和容易怀疑的性格的人们,也更会使这类人喜欢向周围人的提出各种各样的避免被冷落的问题。克拉克指出:“他们整天怀疑伴侣是否出轨、朋友是否背叛他们或者上司是否正在计划如何将他扫地出门。”最终,这些人会因为害怕感受到拒绝,并因此遭遇冷落的身心险境而避免许下任何承诺。

情绪低落是诱因

威廉·索菲亚分析说:“有过失败社交经历的人有可能情绪低落,觉得自己无法克服这方面的障碍,他们会变得一筹莫展。这种感觉日积月累会让人意志消沉而产生痛苦的冷落感。”因为情绪低落的人会更加敏感,长此以往会形成一种叫做“非典型性抑郁症”的性格,是一种最为常见的情绪紊乱。这种性格的人在受到积极影响时只会暂时改善一下自己的状态,而在任何微小的消极信息面前的敏感程度却高得多,情绪会一下跌到谷底。

然而在心理学理论方面,情绪低落和感受到冷落这两者来临的先后却很难有定论,因为情绪低落的人更容易被拒绝,而遭遇拒绝的人又往往情绪低落。这两者之间互为因果。“我的同事们现在就算知道我心情糟糕,也会因为厌倦了我拉长的脸、我的抵触情绪、我频繁的坏心情以及他们对我每个评论之后我汹涌而出的泪水而不再理会我”,31岁的莎拉·布鲁斯已经在这种状态下持续了36个月,“所有人都对我视若无睹,甚至上司都已经提醒过我,要么采取积极的态度,要么就给我放个长假”。

把一件事情反复回味无数遍是对冷落高度敏感的元凶之一。莎拉回忆说:“我曾经脑子里整天充斥着为什么上司早上没有和我打招呼,或者为什么那个同事看我的眼神那么严肃这类问题,并开始寻求解释。我告诉自己可能是因为他们对我的工作不满意,可能会开除我或者我将与他们交恶。”当人们在这些牵肠挂肚的消极想法中越陷越深时,心中的敌意和焦虑也会随之越积越多。“这种情绪下我会避免与别人交流,甚至花更多时间在猜测上,于是越冷落时猜测就越多,越猜测时产生的冷落感就越恐惧、越痛苦……”

自信心修复疗法

索菲亚指出:“人对冷落的恐惧一直存在,只不过在现代人的生活中日趋明显。通讯手段的日益先进使我们看到了身边的许多楷模,告诉我们应该成为什么样的人,个人的成功与否变得十分重要,这往往使人有挫败感。而当人们无法达到预期目标时,就会感到自己完全失败,并且被社会冷落了。”

幸运的是,对冷落的过分敏感是可以被治愈的。有一种“自信心修复疗法”可以帮助人们认识到冷落他们的并不是别人,而是他们自己;从而在接受自我的修复中摆脱恐惧的冷落感。

下列修复自信心的疗法,旨在牵肠挂肚的冷落习性中接受自我,提高自信心,改善你的身心生活:

●列出你性格中积极方面,可更好地了解自己。

●对自己的成功给予积极评价。

●选择生活中的某一方面,努力改变。

●制定可以完成的目标。

●不要过快地改变生活中的太多方面。

●找出一个合适的典范,而不是一个不现实的偶像加以学习。

●不要对过去的失败和错误的判断耿耿于怀。

●不要去考虑那些发生在远方而自己又无能为力的事情,因为猜想没用。杞人忧天,徒劳无益。

●你应该从自己的起点做起,努力的认识和发挥自己的潜能。既不怨天尤人,也不想入非非,脚踏实地地从现在做起,竭尽全力地发挥自己的潜能,做好自己能做的事情。应该有这样的信念,我就是我自己。

●多想开心的事。每个人都有自己开心的事,开心的事就是你做得成功的事,那是你信心的产物,力量的产物。

●笑能使人产生信心和力量;笑能使人心情舒畅,振奋精神;笑能使人忘记忧愁,摆脱烦恼。没有信心的人,经常是愁眉苦脸,无精打采,眼神呆板。

●主动与人交往,你会感到人间的温暖与真情,这种温暖与真情就会使人充满力量,就会使人增添信心。

克拉克指出:“这些疗法会帮助这些人逐渐接受自我,并将积极的情绪表现出来。这叫做‘自信心修复疗法’。虽然父母在你童年时对你的忽视使你心情沮丧,但现在长大成人的你应该学会多给自己一点爱,将从小缺失的温暖、安全感都补偿给你自己。”

译据美国《行为科学》月刊2009年10月号题:我不要冷落感
作者:克里斯蒂娜·珍妮佛
回复

使用道具 举报

 楼主| 发表于 2009-11-14 15:31:16 | 查看全部
原文:
I don't want unfrequented feeling

At a society for judge people solely by their appearance, we everyday will fall among various each kind of brush-off:"I don't think to go to the movie with you together", "sorry, personnel already full", "you need not attend a meeting" etc..We constantly drive brush-off and brush-off other people, again constantly accept other people and drive expel the other people accept.This is ineluctable.We can't have good will to by themselves the surroundings all people.But sometimes, we fall among these brush-off usually too subjective, will feel the face sweep floor.
Clinical psychology house, psychoanalysis doctor William .the Suo be thin second point out:"When a person is from the other party body felling arrive, because a certain reason, oneself wasn't see by the other party as worthy of cherish or respect, will stir up in the heart drive unfrequented of feeling.Have a lot of under the circumstance cause extreme worry and distress of unfrequented feeling is hard to have reasonable explanation, is people according to oneself previous of experience to accept of the information carry on feeling and analysis empress get of negative evaluation.&quoteople are sometimes frightened to encounter brush-off of mental state is very normal, but problem is therefore will cause with of the others of association creation obstacle, and usually result in to a person's behavior bearing very profound of influence.
Self-confidence heart immediately decrease
Child because of frightened encounter brush-off but creation quilt unfrequented of disposition to violence, and meeting than together age person more easy dispute suspicion with classmate in the school.Teenager meeting because of encounter brush-off behind of unfrequented but ego close, dare not to make friend.
Adult meeting at and others, for example with colleague association hour creation unfrequented feeling obstacle.This kind of obstacle in love hour is obvious:At the thought of oneself of the companion may abandon at any time oneself hour anxious and fearful, as a result continuously need to be love of certificate.If there is no this kind of certificate, perhaps the other party of performance not agree with to match oneself of expectation, the alert in the heart will pull ring.For example"my husband like to see football game excel a concern me", "my wife have never stay to accompany me but was a friendly friend to go to the movie!""Today be my birthday, he but the side rice have never asked me to eat" etc..A D of the other party point apathy may make its sense of pride be subjected to stroke.
The person's self-confidence heart would because come from society of various affirmation with accept but exaltation, for example"we drink cup coffee and do you go?"Would also because of a simple of"I want to postpone with you of this time appointment" but have be subjected to unfrequented of stroke.While therefore being our mood to suppress Yu, usually will this kind of felling cast shadow oneself body, self-confidence heart then would immediately decrease a lot of.The self-confidence heart is the alert system of our motion of one part, be we feeling arrival from society of drive unfrequented signal, this part system would active.The self-confidence heart is the name card that we face this, the ability display us what kind of the person be also us with others relation of barometer.In the meantime, the self-confidence heart be again like a scanner, everywhere track to come from surroundings of reject or drive unfrequented of clues.
To healthy body not beneficial
Research certificate, after encountering brush-off of unfrequented feeling to healthy body not beneficial.Brokenhearted with friendship break bring of drive unfrequented of pain and sufferings bear comparison with stretch into hot oil inside of felling.The United States University of California Los Angeles cent school of expert's group of a neurology recently research detection, person at encounter brush-off behind in the brain active quilt unfrequented of feeling district and body ache homology.Therefore, were refuse by the lover is people most strain of emotion experience of a.
However the human body have already resisted this kind of ache of method, the nervous system for car to etc. dangerous which be like us to face to speed since then would protection we, auto remind us retreat similar, after the situation refuse, brain would auto the establishment be a wall.Therefore, this person be always easy to use a negative ttitude explanation oneself the circumstance of the place, and in continuously look for the beneficial proof the certificate oneself of the guess enchant ego.William .the Suo be thin second point out:"This person will use a certain way subconscious ground a feeling brush-off and hold tight surroundings the person don't like their clueses, and with this confirmation oneself to oneself of viewpoint, think oneself in fact unqualified acquire this friendship, this lover perhaps this work."
But, deep be subjected to unfrequented feeling endanger still have many people.The Suo is thin second still point out:When accept minimum of brush-off signal, mental state alert will pull ring, urge us line to move, avoid with superior occurrence not quick or quarrel.However, though this defense system of existence is for the sake of improvement we with others of relation, for those height the person of the sensitive to say, this system would occurrence short circuit, make people long-term to have failure of unfrequented feeling and be placed in a kind of appearance of panic in, continuously experience emotion storm of molestation.
Be decided by education way
The United States regulate lover the television program of the antinomy commentary member, the mental illness expert's Lawrence .the Clark point out:"For suffer brush-off empress creation of unfrequented feeling of degree, with person birth empress several year neuter gender the mold of space be vitally related;Be decided by parents to treat the kid's way since the childhood first, and deliver the type of information and kid under the parents' influence to oneself of viewpoint.This is complete to come from subjective judgment, there is no reason, is a kid heart of a kind of feeling.For after the brush-off creation unfrequented of height sensitive, it only one the source be parents and kid of relation, be also person birth empress with nearby first come in contact with of the way to get along with people for become of the close relatives'.In other words, everybody at kid period position and feeling of the place arrive of is accept by the parents with affirmation of message, namely parents whether make it felling oneself is a good kid, good student, whether satisfy their expectation etc..Scathing and high request perhaps not that considerate parents, education come out of kid usually more easy to brush-off creation disgust of unfrequented feeling."
According to the viewpoint of Clark, "the kid's felling be complete to come from subjective judgment, probably only because of the parents have never accompanied them to do game feeling arrive unfrequented.Do the game is a kind of body for love now, because of parents in this process ability establishment kid of self-confidence.Contrary, if the parents can't participate to come in, the kid's self-confidence heart meeting day by day decrease, think this to be from thus parents of brush-off".Especially usually be subjected to parents unfrequented of kid after grow up, more easy subconscious ground go to the feeling companion, classmate or colleague of various disgust of unfrequented.
To brush-off very disgust of the person always cause extreme worry and distress a ground of worry in uncertainty in unfrequentedly layer after layer, these worry in uncertainty is childhood the parents bring them of the backlog in the feeling get up.Because frightened is been unfrequented, they usually think a square to try a ground of avoid this kind of circumstance of occurrence.The Clark think:"They would rightness nearby of person very attentive, obey and dependence, and think so the other people can't be unfrequented they."Have to lack safety feeling with easy doubt of people of personality, also would even make this person like to surroundings avoid of various each kind of put forward of person quilt unfrequented of problem.The Clark point out:"They whole day doubt companion whether derail, friend whether betrayal they perhaps superior whether just plan how sweep floor him to go out."End, these people would because of frightened feeling arrive brush-off, and therefore situation unfrequented of mind and body dangerous situation but avoid promise any commitment.
Motion's ising low to fall is an inducement
William .the Suo thin second analysis say:"Faultiness' hurting the person whom the social intercourse experience probably motion is probablylow to fall, feel oneself can't overcome the obstacle of this aspect, they will become helpless.This kind of felling accumulate over a long period will make the person demoralized but creation pain and sufferings of unfrequented feeling."Because the motion be low to fall of person would more sensitive, continuously for a long time hence the meeting formation be a kind of the personality which be called "not the typical model suppress a Yu disease", is a kind of the most familiar motion mess.The person of this kind of personality at be subjected to aggressive influence would temporarily improvement oneself once of appearance, but at any small of sensitive degree but Gao De2 Bing4 Duo of the negative information in front, the motion will fall valley bottom all of a sudden.
However in the psychology theories, the motion be low to fall with the feeling arrive unfrequented this both approach of successively but can hardly have a hard conclusion, because the motion be low to fall of person more easy drive brush-off, but situation brush-off of person again usually the motion be low to fall.This both interact as both cause and effect."My colleagues now calculate know my mood mess, would also because of tired I make longer of face, my outlaw motion, my multifarious bad mood and they to I each after comment on I be dashing but the tears of but no longer realize me", 31-year-old Sara .Bruce already under this kind of appearance keep on 36 month, "the owner all see me if have no Du, even superior all have already reminded me, the Yao adopt aggressive of attitude, Yao put a long leave for me".
Enjoy in retrospect an affair again and again innumerable time is rightness unfrequented height sensitive of one of the chief culprit.Sara recall to say:"I ever brain inside whole day be full of why superior morning have no with I say "hello", perhaps why that colleague see my look in the eyes so serious this problem, and start look for explanation.I tell oneself may is because of their work to me dissatisfied, may dismiss me perhaps I will hand over with them bad."When people more sink in these negative viewpoint for cause extreme worry and distress more deep, the hostility in the heart and worry anxiously will also immediately and more accumulate more many."Under this kind of motion I will avoid with other people exchanges, even spend more time on guess, hence more unfrequented hour guess more many, more guess hour creation of unfrequented the feeling more fear, more pain and sufferings ……"
Self-confidence heart repair therapy
The Suo is thin second point out:"The rightness of the person is unfrequented of fear always existence, only in the modern people of the life gradually obvious.Communication means the forerunner make us see nearby many model day by day and tell us should become why kind of person, personal of success or not become very importance, this usually make the person have a setback.But when people can't attain an expectation a target, will feel oneself fall to the ground, and wered treat coldly by the society."
Lucky of BE, rightness unfrequented of excessively sensitive is can drive cure.Have a kind of"self-confidence heart repair therapy" in aid of people understanding to arrive unfrequented their isn't other people, but themselves;Thus get away from in accept the ego of the repair fear of unfrequented feeling.
Following repair self-confidence the therapy of the heart, the aim is in cause extreme worry and distress of unfrequentedly the temperament accept ego, exaltation self-confidence heart, improvement you of mind and body life:
●List your personality in the aggressive spect, can betterly understanding oneself.
●To oneself of success give aggressive evaluation.
●Choice life in of some on the other hand, effort change.
●Establishment can completion of target.
●Don't quickly change life in of too various.
●Find out a model of accommodation, not 1 not the idol of reality take into study.
●Don't be deeply concerned at heart towards being past of failure and wrong judgment.
●Don't will go to consideration those occurrence afar but oneself again incapable is the affair of dint, because of guess useless.Unnecessary worry, burn daylight.
●You should from oneself of the point of departure start to do, effort of understanding with exertive oneself of potential.Neither blame everyone but oneself nor have improper thoughts, practically start to do from now, spare no effort with all strength exertive oneself of potential, work well oneself can make of affair.Should have so of conviction, I be myself.
●Think happy matter more.Everybody has an own happy matter, happy that the matter is you to make out successful matter, that be the outcome of your confidence, the outcome of strength.
●Smile the ability make person creation confidence and strength;Smile the ability make public feeling relaxed, put forth new energy;Smile the ability make the person forget to worry and get away from annoyance.There is no the person of confidence is to wear a woebeusually gone expression, in poor fettle, the look in the eyes be boring.
●Active with person association, you will feel the human life of warmth and genuine feeling, this kind of warmth and genuine feeling will make the person be full of strength, will make the person increase confidence.
The Clark point out:"These rapy would help these people gradual accept himself/herself, and will aggressive motion performance come out.This be called'self-confidence heart repair therapy'.Although parents at your childhood neglect you to make your mood upset, now grow up an adult of you should academic association much to oneself 1:00 love, will since the childhood imperfection of warmth, safety feeling all compensate give yourself."
The United States 《behavioral science 》2009 of monthly publication October number
Author:Chris Di Nuo .Jennifer
回复 支持 反对

使用道具 举报

发表于 2009-11-14 21:40:08 | 查看全部
十分受益,天空留痕老师辛苦了,多谢您!!     
回复 支持 反对

使用道具 举报

您需要登录后才可以回帖 登录 | 注册

本版积分规则

关注公众号
QQ会员群

Copyright © 2021-2025 中企互动平台 版权所有 All Rights Reserved.

相关侵权、举报、投诉及建议等,请发 E-mail:bztdxxl@vip.sina.com

Powered by Discuz! X3.5|京ICP备10020731号-1|京公网安备 11010102001080号

关灯 在本版发帖
扫一扫添加管理员微信
返回顶部
快速回复 返回顶部 返回列表