多睡觉能增加收入？.

屈联西

　We all know sleep matters for job performance. After a week of vacation, you may find your work better than ever. But rack up a week of sleepless nights - say, following a polarizing presidential election - and you may find yourself struggling.


　　众所周知，睡眠关系到工作表现。经过一周的休息后，你会发现工作状态更佳。但如果度过了一个不眠之夜——可不，随着两极分化的总统选举的结束——你就会发现自己力不从心。


　　It wouldn't surprise anyone that sleep affects attention, memory and cognition - important factors in the workplace. But striking new research suggests the effect of additional sleep is so powerful that it could actually translate into thousands of dollars in wages. A new paper - from Matthew Gibson of Williams College and Jeffrey Shrader of University of California-San Diego, based on data from Jawbone, the fitness and sleep tracker company - says that additional time sleeping can translate into thousands of dollars in wages.


　　的确，睡眠会影响注意力、记忆力和认知能力，这些都是工作中的重要因素，但一份引人注目的最新研究成果表明，增加睡眠具有很高的货币价值。威廉斯学院的马修.吉布森和加利福尼亚大学圣迭戈分校的杰弗里.施雷雷分析了健康与睡眠跟踪企业捷波朗公司的数据，他们撰写的论文称，额外的睡眠时间可转化为成千上万美元工资。


　　In fact, they calculate that a one-hour increase in weekly sleep raises wages by about half as much as an additional year of education.


　　事实上，据他们计算，就工资增幅而言，每周多睡一个小时的效果是多受一年教育的一半。


　　Now, the story is not so simple. Don't think you can start to sleep more and you will instantly make more money. It's more about the subtle interplay between how people schedule their lives, how much time they have available to sleep, and how that affects worker performance and, ultimately, earnings.


　　不过，事情并非那么简单。别以为一开始多睡就会立刻多赚。这是各种因素相互作用的结果，包括人们如何安排生活节奏、有多少时间可用来睡觉、那会如何影响工作者的绩效并最终影响其收入。


　　To investigate how sleep affects worker wages, the researchers took advantage of a kind of natural experiment - sunset times across American time zones. Past research shows that people naturally end up sleeping longer when the sun sets earlier, for example in the winter, even if the person goes to bed well after dark. When the sun sets an hour later, it reduces nighttime sleep by roughly 20 minutes per week.


　　为了探究睡眠对工资的影响，研究人员利用了一种天然实验——美国各时区的日落时间。过去有研究表明，当日落较早时（比如在冬季），人们往往自然而然睡的时间较长，即使这个人是在完全天黑之后才上床。日落晚一个小时会使夜间睡眠每周减少约20分钟。




美国时区
　　Within a single time zone, the time of sunset varies substantially. For example, the sun sets about an hour and a half earlier in Mars Hill, Maine, than in Ontonagon, Michigan, even though both are in the Eastern time zone. Because there shouldn't be any significant differences in workers on the eastern or western edge of a time zone beyond the amount of time they sleep, researchers use this variation to calculate how much sleep influences wages.


　　在同一个时区内，日落的时间有很大差异。例如，缅因州的马斯希尔和密歇根州的昂托纳贡都在东部时区，但前者的日落比后者要早大约一个半小时。由于一个时区最东边和最西边的工作者除了睡眠量以外不应有很大差别，研究人员利用这个变化量来计算睡眠对工资有多大影响。


　　They find that a one-hour increase in average weekly sleep in a location increases wages by 1.3 percent in the short run, which include changes of less than a year, and 5 percent in the long run. By moving to a location where a sunset is one hour earlier, a worker will make an additional $1,570 a year.


　　他们发现，一个地方的平均每周睡眠量增加一个小时会使工资在短期内上升1.3%、在长期内上升5%。若换到日落时间早一个小时的地方，工作者会每年多挣1570美元。


　　Those differences in wages end up being incorporated into the local economy. The researchers find that higher wages actually translate into higher home values as well. A county that experiences a sunset one hour earlier has on average a 6 percent higher median home value, about $7,900 to $8,800 dollars, they say.


　　工资的这些差异最终会被纳入地方经济。研究人员发现，高工资实际上还会转化为高房价。日落时间早一个小时的县的中位数房价平均要高6%，约相当于7900美元至8800美元。


　　Not all of these wage differences are due directly to sleep, the researchers caution. Some could be due to the cumulative influence of other people. If the workers around you are made slightly more productive by sleeping better, that could make your work more productive, too.


　　研究人员提醒说，这些工资差异并不全是由睡眠直接引起的。有些可归因于他人的累积影响。如果你周围的工作者因睡得好而稍稍提高了效率，那可能会让你工作起来更有效率。


　　The findings suggest that sleep is a crucial determinant of productivity and wages, "rivaling ability and human capital in importance," the researchers write.


　　研究成果表明，睡眠是生产率和工资的一个重要决定因素，“其重要性不亚于能力和人力资本。”


　　Given the huge benefit that more sleep can bring, we should certainly pay more attention to ensuring that workers sleep more, they say.


　　他们表示，既然睡眠能带来如此巨大的好处，我们确实应当注意保证员工有充足睡眠。

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