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完全否定 M&ec%<lM
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英语中的完全否定可以用not, no, never, none, nobody, nothing, neither...nor, nowhere等表示。如: Y N*"q'Yz_
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1.Nothing is difficult for him. 没什么难得到他。 'w`3( ':=
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2.Mary never has beef. 玛丽从来不吃牛肉。 |yYu!+U
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3.Neither answer is correct. 两种答案都不对。 lQl
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部分否定 *Ry{}|_8
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英语中表示“全体”意义的代词,形容词或副词。如:all, both, altogether, always, completely, every day, everyone, everything, everywhere, every, everybody, many, often等与not搭配时,通常表示部分否定,意思是“并非都是”、“不完全是”、“不是每个都是”等。例如: W8Aii'Q8C/
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1.Not everyone was amused by these April Fool's jokes. &!KW[]i%9}
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并不是每个人都觉得这些玩笑有趣。 qV7nF
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2.Food likes and dislikes do not always seem related to nutrition. @ZtDjxN
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对食物的好恶似乎并不总与营养有关。 gF8n{b
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比较: !fK9YW(Im
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Nothing makes him happy. MtXTh*4
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(全部否定)没有哪一件事情让他开心。 sY@x(qkIOc
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Not everything makes him happy. HN~
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(部分否定)并不是每一件事都让他开心。 qcR"i+b
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None of the students went to visit the science museum last week. 5/C#*%EH'
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(完全否定)上周没有一个学生去参观科技博物馆。 2P ic 4Z
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Not all of the students went to visit the science museum last week. ~ -zch=+u
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(部分否定)上周并不是所有的学生都去参观了科技博物馆。 wC>Xu.Z:
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几乎否定(半否定) jblj]/
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一些半否定词表否定之意。他们不可再与否定词连用,他们与谓语肯定式连用,构成几乎否定句。如:hardly、scarcely、seldom、little、few等词。例如: EjFK zx
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1.I could hardly hear what he said. Dfl%Knl@J
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我几乎没听见他说了什么。 &M2SqeR62;
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2.There is little water in the bottle, isn't there? mIm.+U`a2
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瓶子里几乎没有水,不是吗? ZhYOz
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双重否定 ;.|).y1/`
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双重否定句由not + 具有否定意义的词构成,形成“否定+否定=肯定”的语言效果。双重否定可以表示强调,也可以表示委婉的含义。例如: e{fm7Cc)D
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1.Her name can't escape me forever. '
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我永远忘不了她的名字。 $G.ws
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2.The songs never fail to make the children smile. 2}8xY:|@(U
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这些歌曲一向都能使孩子微笑。 PA<<{\dp
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转移否定 _7Rp.)[&
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转移否定,即句中的否定虽然出现在谓语部分,否定范围却不在主句谓语动词本身,而转移到了句子中的宾语、状语或其他成分上。这种形式在初中比较常见的有以下两种情况: (OT&:WwW
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1.转移否定多用于表思维活动 w;4FN'
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如:believe(相信)、expect(期望)、hope(希望)、imagine(想象)、think(认为)等。 e9@7GaL`"S
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例如:I don't think he will pass the exam. 0VBbSn}Z<
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我认为他考试会不及格的。 ,+hH|$
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2.主句的谓语动词是表感觉的系动词,通常也用于转移否定句 "*N=aHsj
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这类动词有:seem(好像)、feel(感觉)、appear(出现)、look like(看起来像)等。例如: >nOU 8
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It doesn't look like it's going to rain.=It looks like it isn't going to rain. 好象不会下雨。 /`vn/X^?^
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No matter how hard he studies, he never seems to be able to pass the exam. 不管他多么努力的学习,他似乎永远也考不及格。 L-QzC<[F/
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运用某些结构表达否定意义 b$k|D)_|
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1.too...to 太……而不能 bL"!z"NA
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He is too tired to walk. 他太累了,走不动了。 [6{o13mCWE
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2.more A than B(与其B不如A)或more than +含有can的从句 Mz#<Vm4
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The young man is more brave than wise. fBRU4q=^T
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这年轻人有勇无谋。 q#!]5
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The gratitude for your help is more than I can express. @$ggPrs
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对于你给我的感激之情我无法言表。 [d}AlG!
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3.prefer to do sth rather than do sth 宁愿(喜欢)……而不愿……,例如: F|3iKK022
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He prefers to write his letters rather than dictate them. u[;,~eB%w
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他喜欢自己写信而不愿口授自己的信。 ic]b"ItD
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运用含否定意义的词或词组表否定意义 =
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1.动词短语表否定意义,如: @Wb_Sz4`
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differ from 与……不同 L}x,>hbT
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prefer...to... 喜欢……而不喜欢…… #FQkwX'g
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keep/prevent/stop/protect ... from 阻止,使……不 S#wy+*
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keep off 不接近, 不让……接近 M)v4>Rw+
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lose sight of 看不见 %=GF
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例如: \8e27#PJR
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The Great Green Wall stops the sand from moving to the rich land in the south. BJ,9C.|
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绿色长城阻止了风沙吹向南方肥沃的田地。 @;K-@*k3
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He lost sight of his wife and went away alone. U81--'@y
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他没看见他的妻子,独自走了。 MR{JMo=r
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Sally prefers singing to dancing. $VRVMY [q
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莎丽喜欢唱歌而不喜欢跳舞。 dW`!/OaQD
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2.动词表否定意义 zA
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如,absent(缺席)、fail(不及格)、refuse(拒绝)、miss(未赶上,错过)、escape(被……忘掉)等。例如: 9z0G0QW[
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Why did you absent yourself from school yesterday? Z|k>)pv@
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昨天你为什么不来上学? UG5AFZ\
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He missed the 9:30 train and therefore missed the accident. m:
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他没赶上9:30的那班火车,也因此而逃过那次车祸. V~%C me
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3.介词表否定意义 pSC\[%K
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without(无,没有)、against(反对)、beyond(超出,无法)、except/but(除……外)、past(超过)、off(离开)、above(超出……之外)等。 o,D7$WzL
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例如: "7X[@xX@
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I can't finish the work without your help. ah9P
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没有你的帮助,我完不成这工作。 uZ/XI {/
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His conduct has always been above suspicion. kQt#^pO)
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他的行为一直无可置疑。 3<%ci&B
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His stupidity is past all belief. Nm.G,6<J
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他的愚蠢简直不可思义。 c`E0sgp
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运用连词before unless等引导的状语表否定意义 wdo(K.m
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例如: gL(_!mcwu
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WangWei went to bed before he finished his homework. |T) $E
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王伟没完成作业就睡觉了。 =lOdg3#\a
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Unless you put on your overcoat, you'll catch a cold. bK69Rb@\A
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如果你不穿大衣,你就会感冒